BUILDING AN IDENTITY: ARISTOCRATIC LANDSCAPE AND CONSPICUOUS CONSUMPTION AT THE 16TH-CENTURY BISHOP'S PALACE IN ODENSE
Mikael Manøe Bjerregaard
Department of Cultural Heritage, Odense City Museums, Overgade 48, DK-5000 Odense C
Search for more papers by this authorMikael Manøe Bjerregaard
Department of Cultural Heritage, Odense City Museums, Overgade 48, DK-5000 Odense C
Search for more papers by this authorABSTRACT
In the 16th century, establishing and maintaining one's status and position in society was an important social factor and motivator. This article examines to what extent such efforts can be deduced from archaeological material. The subject is the 16th-century bishop's palace in Odense, Denmark. This case study has been encouraged by the unprecedented large-scale archaeological excavations that have taken place in the Odense city centre in recent years. The new archaeological data allows for a contextual analysis in which the finds and structures are considered as evidence for negotiated identity expressed through materiality. The main conclusion is that a unique socioeconomic identity is expressed in the building structure, while evidence from the portable objects is more ambiguous.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
- H. Andersson, P. Carelli & L. Ersgård (eds.). 1997. Visions of the Past. Trends and Traditions in Swedish Medieval Archaeology. Lund Studies in Medieval Archaeology 19. Riksantikvarämbetet Arkeologiska undersökningar skriftar 24. Lund (Central Board of National Antiquities).
- Banta, M. 2007. Introduction. Veblen 2007. vii–xvi.
- Berg, H. 1981. Sandhagen – et langelandsk fiskeleje fra renaissancen. Rudkøbing (Langelands Museum).
- Bjerregaard, M.M. 2017a. Bispens bro – senmiddelalderens befæstede bispegård. Runge & Hansen 2017. 128–135.
- Bjerregaard, M.M. 2017b. Bispens bro – befæstningen af Odenses senmiddelalderlige bispegård. Vejhistorie 30. 3–11.
- Bjerregaard, M.M. 2017c. Nadversættet fra bispegraven i Odense Skt. Albani Kirke. Bjerregaard & Runge 2017. 28–43.
- M.M. Bjerregaard & M. Runge (eds.). 2017. At være i centrum. Magt og minde – højstatusbegravelser i udvalgte centre 940-1450. Historical Studies in Centrality, vol 1. Odense (Odense Bys Museer & University Press of Southern Denmark).
- Carelli, P. 2012. Lunds historia – staden och omlandet. 1. Medeltiden. En metropol växer fram. Lund (Lunds kommun).
- Cherry, J. 1997. Seals and Heraldry, 1400-1600: Public Policy and Private Post. Gaimster & Stamper 1997. 251–263.
- Christensen, A.S. 1988. Middelalderbyen Odense. Viby J (Centrum).
- A.E. Christensen (ed.). 1971. Den nordiske adel i senmiddelalderen: struktur, funktioner og internordiske relationer: rapporter til det nordiske historikermøde i København 1971 9.-12. august. Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen).
- Christensen, J.T. 2004. Bispegårdens middelalderlige vestfløj. Therkelsen & Jakobsen 2004. 25–30.
- Christensen, J.T. 2013. De arkæologiske undersøgelser/The Archaeological Excavations. Zalewski et al. 2013. 353–383.
- Christensen, J.T. & M.M. Bjerregaard. 2017. Skt. Albani Kirke og Kirkegård. Runge & Hansen 2017. 117–127.
- Christensen, J.T. & J. Hansen. 2017. Graven og manden i domkirken Skt. Albani Odense – en kilde til overleveringen af 1000-tallet bispehistorie. Bjerregaard & Runge 2017. 10–27.
- Creighton, O.H. 2002. Castles and landscapes: power, community and fortification in medieval England. Sheffield (Equinox).
- Dahlerup, T. 1971. Danmark. Christensen 1971. 45–80.
- Dalgaard, H.F. 2015. Luksusforordninger: 1558, 1683, 1736, 1783, 1783 og 1799: 6 artikler bragt i tidsskriftet Tenen. Copenhagen (Tenen: Dansk Tekstilhistorisk Forening).
- Daly, A. 2017. Dateringsundersøgelse af tømmer fra bro og bolværk fundet ved Thomas B. Thriges Gade, Odense. Dendro.dk rapport 37: 2017. Unpublished report (dendro.dk).
- Danske Magazin, indeholdende Bidrag til den danske Historie og det danske Sprogs Oplysning 1745. Copenhagen (Det Kongelige Danske Selskab for Fædrelandets Historie og Sprog).
- Feldbæk, O. 2010. Danmarks historie. Copenhagen (Gyldendal).
- Gaimster & Stamper (eds.). 1997. The Age of Transition. The Archaeology of English Culture 1400-1600. Oxford (Oxbow).
- Gardelin, G. 1997. Medieval Buildings as Archaeological Documents. Andersson et al. 1997. 777–785.
- Giles, K. 2014. Ways of Living in Medieval England. Giles & Kristiansen 2014. 13–28.
- K. Giles & M.S. Kristiansen (eds.). 2014. Dwellings, Identities and Homes: European Housing Culture from the Viking Age to the Renaissance. Jysk Arkæologisk Selskabs skrifter 84. Højbjerg. (Jutland Archaeological Society).
- Heise, A. 1891. Jens Andersen „Bældenak“. Historisk tidsskrift 6, 3. 433–449.
- Haase, K. 2017. Udgravningsberetning: OBM 9776 I. Vilhelm Werners Plads. Unpublished report. Odense (Odense City Museums).
- Haase, K. 2019. An Urban Way of Life. Social practices, networks and identities in Odense, 1000-1500 AD. Unpublished PhD thesis. Aarhus University.
- Haase, K & N.M. Hammers forthcoming. Tracing the trigger for social change through trade networks in Medieval Odense, Denmark.
- Haase, K. & S. Whatley. 2019. Consumption Strategies and Social Identities in Two Danish Towns in the 13th-16th Centuries. Haase 2019. 270–298.
- Haggrén, G. 2010. Bordskultur och glashandel i renässansens Nordeuropa. hikuin 37. 123–142.
- Haggrén, G. 2015. Bohemian glass in the North. Producers, distributors and consumers of late medieval vessel glass. Hansen et al. 2015. 319–338.
- Hansen, G., S.P. Ashby & I. Baug. 2015. Everyday Products in the Middle Ages: Crafts, Consumption and the Individual in Northern Europe c. AD 800-1600. Oxford (Oxbow).
- Hansson, M. 2014. Later medieval Aristocratic Landscapes in Scandinavia. Chateau Gaillard: Études de castollogie européenne 26. 207–215.
- Hansson, M. 2016. Stone Tablets, Memorial Texts and Agency in Late-Medieval Scandinavian Castles: The Examples of Glimmingehus and Olofsborg. Medieval Archaeology 60, 2. 311–331.
- Huitfeldt, A. 1595 (1976). Danmarks Riges Krønike. Christian III's Historie. Copenhagen (Rosenkilde og Bagger).
- Huitfeldt, A. 1604 (1978): Bispekrøniken: den geistlige Histori offuer alt Danmarckis Rige. Copenhagen (Rosenkilde og Bagger).
- Hædersdal, E. 1976. Odense adelige jomfruklosters middelalderlige bygningshistorie udredes, og bygningen sammenlignes med andre statelige boliger fra dansk senmiddelalder. Unpublished article. Aarhus (Aarhus University).
- Jakobsen, P. 1992. Jens Andersen Beldenak: en biografisk studie. Kirkehistoriske samlinger 1992. 45–70.
- Jensen, V. 1988. Kakler, keramik og glas ældre end 1550. hikuin 14. Højbjerg (Forlaget Hikuin).
- Jespersen, L. 2010. At være, at ville og at have: træk af luksuslovgivningen i Danmark i 15-1600-tallet. Temp 1. 31–58.
- Jexlev, T., P. Riismøller & M. Schlüter. 1970. Dansk glas i Renæssancetid. 1550-1650. Copenhagen (Nyt Nordisk Forlag).
- Johannsen, B.B. & H. Johannsen. 1995. Danmarks Kirker. 9 Odense Amt. Vol 2. Copenhagen (Nationalmuseet).
- Johnson, M. 1996. An Archaeology of Capitalism. Oxford (Blackwell Publishers).
- Johnson, M. 2002. Behind the Castle Gate: From Medieval to Renaissance. London (Routledge).
- Krauskopf, C. 2015. Castles, noble and living conditions – sources for and interrelations between aspects of medieval daily life. Kristiansen et al. 2015. 295–311.
- M.S. Kristiansen, E. Roesdahl & J. Graham-Campbell (eds.). 2015. Medieval Archaeology in Scandinavia and Beyond. History, trends and tomorrow. Proceedings of a conference to celebrate 40 years of medieval archaeology at Aarhus University, 26-27 October 2011. Aarhus (Aarhus University Press).
- Kühtreiber, T. 2014. The Investigation of Domesticated Space in Archaeology: Architecture and Human Beings. Giles & Kristiansen 2014. 39–52.
- Larsson, S & T. Saunders. 1997. Order and architecture in the age of transition: A social analysis of the archbishop's palace in Trondheim, Norway. Norwegian Archaeological Review 30, 2. 79–102.
10.1080/00293652.1997.9965612 Google Scholar
- Linaa, J. 2006. Keramik, kultur og kontakter: Køkken- og bordtøjs brug og betydning i Jylland 1350-1650. Jysk arkæologisk selskabs skrifter 56. Højbjerg (Jysk Arkæologisk Selskab).
- Linaa, J. 2015. Keramik. Nielsen 2015. 179–190.
- Linaa, J. 2016. Urban Consumption. Tracing urbanity in the archaeological record of Aarhus c. AD 800-1800. Højbjerg (Jutland Archaeological Society).
- Nielsen, J.N. 2015. Glargårde: Dansk glasfremstilling i renæssancen. Aalborg (Nordjyllands Hisoriske Museum).
- Nyberg, T. & F.S. Pedersen. 1980. De latinske vers om Odenses middelalderlige biskopper. Fynske Årbøger 1980. 76–98.
- OBM 137. Odense Adelige Jomfrukloster. Unpublished reports from a series of archaeological excavation campaigns conducted since the 1970s. Odense (Odense City Museums).
- Paludan-Müller, C. 1837. Jens Andersen Beldenak, Biskop i Fyen: En Levnetsbeskrivelse. Odense (Hempel).
- Robb, J. 2015. What do things want? Object design as a middle range theory of material culture. Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association 26, 1. 166–180.
10.1111/apaa.12069 Google Scholar
- Rosen, C. 2004. Stadsbor och bönder. Materiell kutur och social status i Halland från medeltid till 1700-tal. Riksantikvarämbetet arkeologiska undersökningar skrifter 53. Lund Studies in Medieval Archaeology 35, Lund (Riksantikvarieämbetet).
- M. Runge & J. Hansen (eds.). 2017. Knuds Odense – vikingernes by. Odense (Odense Bys Museer).
- Schmid, C. 2014. The Investigation of Domesticated Space in Archaeology: Beyond Architecture. Giles & Kristiansen 2014. 53–64.
- Søgaard, H. 1966. Et overset stilelement fra sengotisk tid. Fynske Minder. 21–32.
- Tagesson, G. 2002. Biskop och stad – aspekter av urbanisering och sociala rum i medeltidens Linköping. Stockolm (Almqvist & Wiksell International).
- Therkelsen, E. & J. Jakobsen. 2004. Fra bispegård til jomfrukloster. Odense adelige Jomfrukloster – en bygning og dens historie gennem 500 år. Odense (Karen Brahe Selskabet).
- H. Thrane, T. Nyberg, F. Grandt-Nielsen & M. Venge (eds.). 1982. Fra boplads til bispeby. Odense til 1559. Odense bys historie. Odense (Odense Kommune).
- Veblen, T. 2007 (1899). The Theory of the Leisure Class. Oxford (Oxford University Press).
- Veblen, T. 2014 (1899). Den uproduktive klasse. Oslo (Res Publica).
- Vedel Simonsen, L.S. 1841-1843. Bidrag til Odense Byes ældre Historie. Odense (Hempel).
- Venge, M. 1982. Jens Andersen Beldenak. Thrane et al. 1982. 402–412.
- Vesth, K.B. 1987. Odense middelalderlige bispegård. hikuin 13. 121–154.
- Vesth, K.B. 2004. Odense Adelige Jomfruklosters bygningshistorie. Therkelsen & Jakobsen 2004. 9–20.
- Wienberg, J. 2014. Iøjnefaldende arkitektur. Nordens middelalderlige rundkirker. Kuml 2014. 205–244.
- Zalewski, B. 2013a. Bispegård i 500 år/500 Years as a Bishop's Palace. Zalewski et al. 2013. 11–58.
- Zalewski, B. 2013b. Odensegaard: Kronens ejendom/Odensegaard: Crown property. Zalewski et al. 2013. 59–75.
- B. Zalewski, L. Bregnhøi, F. Frandsen, J.T. Christensen & S. Lundqvist (eds). 2013. Odense Adelige Jomfrukloster: Odense Secular Convent for Noblemen. Odense (Realdania Byg).