Pain-induced aggression and changes in social behavior in mice
Hatef Khosravi
Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Emad Khalilzadeh
Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
Correspondence Emad Khalilzadeh, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Shohadayeh Ghavvas Blvd, PO Box 51664, Tabriz, East Azarbaijan 5166616471, Iran.
Email: e.khalilzadeh@tabrizu.ac.ir and e.khalilzadeh@gmail.com
Search for more papers by this authorGholamreza Vafaei Saiah
Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
Search for more papers by this authorHatef Khosravi
Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Emad Khalilzadeh
Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
Correspondence Emad Khalilzadeh, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Shohadayeh Ghavvas Blvd, PO Box 51664, Tabriz, East Azarbaijan 5166616471, Iran.
Email: e.khalilzadeh@tabrizu.ac.ir and e.khalilzadeh@gmail.com
Search for more papers by this authorGholamreza Vafaei Saiah
Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
The effects of neuropathic, formalin, and acetic acid-induced visceral pain were investigated on the social and aggressive behaviors in the Swiss male mice. Neuropathic pain was induced by tibial nerve transection (TNT). Also, somatic and visceral pain was conducted by intraplantar injection of diluted formalin (1%, 20 μl) and intraperitoneal administration of acetic acid (0.6%, 200 μl), respectively. Fourteen and twenty one days after the TNT surgery, and also, 1 and 7 days following formalin and acetic acid administration, the three-chambered test was used to determine sociability and preference for social novelty and resident/intruder test was used for the evaluation of the aggressive behaviors. In the sociability phase of the three-chambered test, all the three models of pain did not change the animal's sociability. However, in the social novelty preference phase, the animals in pain showed deficits in social novelty preference by a significant increase in the time spent with the familiar mice compared to the control groups. Also, animals in pain significantly showed more aggressive behaviors like biting and clinching and have much less attack latency in comparison to the control groups. Pain-induced changes in the social novelty preference and aggressive behaviors continued in the neuropathic group until the end of the experiment. However, 7 days following the induction of both formalin and visceral pain, animals' social memory, and aggression almost returned to the standard value. These results suggest that long-lasting pain could lead to social memory impairment and increase aggressive behaviors in mice.
CONFLICT OF INTERESTS
The authors declare that there are no conflict of interests.
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