Infants' perceptions of cooperation between a human and robot
Corresponding Author
Ying Wang
Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Correspondence
Ying Wang, Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK.
Email: ywan428@aucklanduni.ac.nz
Search for more papers by this authorYun-Hee Park
Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorShoji Itakura
Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Center for Baby Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorAnnette Margaret Elizabeth Henderson
School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Search for more papers by this authorTakayuki Kanda
Intelligent Robotics and Communication Laboratory, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto, Japan
Department of Social Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorNaoki Furuhata
Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorHiroshi Ishiguro
Department of System Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Ying Wang
Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Correspondence
Ying Wang, Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK.
Email: ywan428@aucklanduni.ac.nz
Search for more papers by this authorYun-Hee Park
Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorShoji Itakura
Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Center for Baby Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorAnnette Margaret Elizabeth Henderson
School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Search for more papers by this authorTakayuki Kanda
Intelligent Robotics and Communication Laboratory, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto, Japan
Department of Social Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorNaoki Furuhata
Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorHiroshi Ishiguro
Department of System Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorFunding information: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant/Award Number: 25245067
Abstract
Cooperation is fundamental to human society; thus, it may come as little surprise that by their second birthdays, infants are able to perceive when two human agents are working together towards a shared goal. However, far less is known about whether infants view nonhuman agents as being capable of cooperative shared goals. Thirteen-month-old infants were habituated to a cooperative interaction involving a human and robot agent as they worked to remove a toy from inside a box. While previous research suggests that infants readily structure the actions of human cooperative partners as being towards a shared goal, surprisingly infants in the current study did not extend their expectations about cooperation when a robot agent was present. These findings contribute to our understanding of the nature of infants' developing notions of goal-directed behaviour and are the first examination of infants' perceptions of cooperation involving robotic agents.
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