Regular Article

Psychometric analysis and refinement of the connor–davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC): Validation of a 10-item measure of resilience^†

Corresponding Author

Laura Campbell-Sills

campbell-sills@ucsd.edu

Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA

UCSD Department of Psychiatry, 8950 Villa La Jolla Drive, Suite B218, La Jolla, CA 92037Search for more papers by this author

Murray B. Stein,

Murray B. Stein

Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Department of Psychology, San Diego State University; and VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA

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Laura Campbell-Sills,

Corresponding Author

Laura Campbell-Sills

campbell-sills@ucsd.edu

Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA

UCSD Department of Psychiatry, 8950 Villa La Jolla Drive, Suite B218, La Jolla, CA 92037Search for more papers by this author

Murray B. Stein,

Murray B. Stein

Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Department of Psychology, San Diego State University; and VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA

Search for more papers by this author

First published: 21 December 2007

https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20271

Citations: 1,777

^†

This study was supported in part by NIH grants MH64122 (Murray B. Stein) and T32 MH18399-19 (Laura Campbell-Sills). The authors wish to acknowledge Timothy A. Brown for statistical consultation and Jonathan Davidson and Kathryn Connor for comments on a draft of this manuscript. Shadha Hami Cissell, Carla Hitchcock, Teresa Marcotte, and Ryan Pepin coordinated data collection and management for the study.

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Abstract

Resilience refers to an individual's ability to thrive despite adversity. The current study examined the psychometric properties of the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Three undergraduate samples (ns < 500) were used to determine the factor structure of the CD-RISC. The first two samples were used to conduct exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and the third was used for confirmatory factor analysis. The EFA showed that the CD-RISC had an unstable factor structure across two demographically equivalent samples. A series of empirically driven modifications was made, resulting in a 10-item unidimensional scale that demonstrated good internal consistency and construct validity. Overall, the 10-item CD-RISC displays excellent psychometric properties and allows for efficient measurement of resilience.

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Volume20, Issue6

December 2007

Pages 1019-1028

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Journal of Traumatic Stress Virtual Special Issue: Resilience and Recovery in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Psychometric analysis and refinement of the connor–davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC): Validation of a 10-item measure of resilience^†

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Psychometric analysis and refinement of the connor–davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC): Validation of a 10-item measure of resilience†

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Psychometric analysis and refinement of the connor–davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC): Validation of a 10-item measure of resilience^†