The impact of learner engagement on performance outcomes: a longitudinal study in accounting education
Corresponding Author
Vincent Bicudo de Castro
Department of Accounting, Deakin Business School, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
Please address correspondence to Vincent Bicudo de Castro via email: v.bicudodecastro@deakin.edu.au
Search for more papers by this authorBhavani Sridharan
Australian Catholic University, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorKim Watty
Department of Accounting, Deakin Business School, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorMaryam Safari
School of Accounting, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Vincent Bicudo de Castro
Department of Accounting, Deakin Business School, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
Please address correspondence to Vincent Bicudo de Castro via email: v.bicudodecastro@deakin.edu.au
Search for more papers by this authorBhavani Sridharan
Australian Catholic University, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorKim Watty
Department of Accounting, Deakin Business School, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorMaryam Safari
School of Accounting, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
This study explores the efficacy of vodcasting, as one of the advanced means of lecture recording, and discussion forums using retrospective engagement analytics data and performance outcome data on 1,172 unique students. The results provide partial support for the research hypotheses, particularly for international students, with learner engagement as a strong predictor of enhanced performance outcomes. However, no support was found for domestic students, with no significant impact of engagement on performance outcomes. That is, learner engagement may be more beneficial for international students than for domestic students. The findings support the implementation of discussion forums for enabling meaningful conversation, knowledge acquisition and peer engagement. This could pave the way for a knowledge-sharing culture as opposed to a knowledge-hoarding culture. Overall, the findings offer insights for higher education providers who have large international student enrolments and are interested in diversity management strategies and enhanced student engagement using disruptive technology.
References
- Aoun, C., S. Vatanasakdakul, and K. Ang, 2018, Feedback for thought: examining the influence of feedback constituents on learning experience, Studies in Higher Education 43, 72–95.
- Australian Government Department of Education, 2019, Monthly summary of international student enrolment data, https://internationaleducation.gov.au/research/International-Student-Data/Pages/default.aspx.
- Babb, K. A., and C. Ross, 2009, The timing of online lecture slide availability and its effect on attendance, participation, and exam performance, Computers and Education 52, 868–881.
- Baird, D. E., and M. Fisher, 2005, Neomillennial user experience design strategies: utilizing social networking media to support ‘always on’ learning styles, Journal of Educational Technology Systems 34, 5–32.
10.2190/6WMW-47L0-M81Q-12G1 Google Scholar
- Bolliger, D. U., S. Supanakorn, and C. Boggs, 2010, Impact of podcasting on student motivation in the online learning environment, Computers and Education 55, 714–722.
- Bongey, S. B., G. Cizadlo, and L. Kalnbach, 2005, Using a course management systems (CMS) to meet the challenges of large lecture classes, Campus Wide Information Systems 22, 252–262.
10.1108/10650740510632172 Google Scholar
- Bongey, S. B., G. Cizadlo, and L. Kalnbach, 2006, Explorations in course-casting: podcasts in higher education, Campus Wide Information Systems 23, 350–367.
10.1108/10650740610714107 Google Scholar
- Bos, N., C. Groeneveld, J. van Bruggen, and S. Brand-Gruwel, 2016, The use of recorded lectures in education and the impact on lecture attendance and exam performance, British Journal of Educational Technology 47, 906–917.
- Bower, M., M. J. Lee, and B. Dalgarno, 2017, Collaborative learning across physical and virtual worlds: factors supporting and constraining learners in a blended reality environment, British Journal of Educational Technology 48, 407–430.
- Brotherton, J. A., and G. D. Abowd, 2004, Lessons learned from eClass: assessing automated capture and access in the classroom, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 11, 121–155.
10.1145/1005361.1005362 Google Scholar
- Campbell, J., and M. Li, 2008, Asian students' voices: an empirical study of Asian students' learning experiences at a New Zealand university, Journal of Studies in International Education 12, 375–396.
- Chao, P.-Y., K. R. Lai, C.-C. Liu, and H.-M. Lin, 2018, Strengthening social networks in online discussion forums to facilitate help seeking for solving problems, Journal of Educational Technology and Society 21, 39–50.
- Chen, P.-S. D., A. D. Lambert, and K. R. Guidry, 2010, Engaging online learners: the impact of Web-based learning technology on college student engagement, Computers and Education 54, 1222–1232.
- Cheng, C. K., D. E. Paré, L.-M. Collimore, and S. Joordens, 2011, Assessing the effectiveness of a voluntary online discussion forum on improving students’ course performance, Computers and Education 56, 253–261.
- Chou, S.-W., and H.-T. Min, 2009, The impact of media on collaborative learning in virtual settings: the perspective of social construction, Computers and Education 52, 417–431.
- Chuang, H.-H., C.-Y. Weng, and C.-H. Chen, 2018, Which students benefit most from a flipped classroom approach to language learning?, British Journal of Educational Technology 49, 56–68.
- Clarke, M., 2018, Rethinking graduate employability: the role of capital, individual attributes and context, Studies in Higher Education 43, 1923–1937.
- Concannon, F., A. Flynn, and M. Campbell, 2005, What campus-based students think about the quality and benefits of e-learning, British Journal of Educational Technology 36, 501–512.
- Copley, J., 2007, Audio and video podcasts of lectures for campus-based students: production and evaluation of student use, Innovations in Education and Teaching International 44, 387–399.
- Cramer, K. M., K. R. Collins, D. Snider, and G. Fawcett, 2007, The virtual lecture hall: utilisation, effectiveness and student perceptions, British Journal of Educational Technology 38, 106–115.
- Crawford, I., and Z. Wang, 2016, The impact of placements on the academic performance of UK and international students in higher education, Studies in Higher Education 41, 712–733.
- Davies, J., and M. Graff, 2005, Performance in e-learning: online participation and student grades, British Journal of Educational Technology 36, 657–663.
- De Wever, B., T. Schellens, M. Valcke, and H. Van Keer, 2006, Content analysis schemes to analyze transcripts of online asynchronous discussion groups: a review, Computers and Education 46, 6–28.
- Deloitte Access Economics, 2016, The value of international education to Australia (Australian Government, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory).
- Edwards, M. R., and M. E. Clinton, 2018, A study exploring the impact of lecture capture availability and lecture capture usage on student attendance and attainment, Higher Education 77, 403–421.
- Eraut, M., 2000, Non-formal learning and tacit knowledge in professional work, British Journal of Educational Psychology 70, 113–136.
- Evans, C., 2008, The effectiveness of m-learning in the form of podcast revision lectures in higher education, Computers and Education 50, 491–498.
- Faramarzi, S., H. Tabrizi, and A. Chalak, 2019, The effect of vodcasting tasks on EFL listening comprehension progress in an online program, International Journal of Instruction 12, 1263–1280.
- Garrison, D. R., T. Anderson, and W. Archer, 2003, A theory of critical inquiry in online distance education, in: M. Moore, G. Anderson, eds., Handbook of Distance Education 1 (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ), 113–127.
- Girvan, C., and T. Savage, 2010, Identifying an appropriate pedagogy for virtual worlds: a communal constructivism case study, Computers and Education 55, 342–349.
- Gracia, L., and E. Jenkins, 2003, A quantitative exploration of student performance on an undergraduate accounting programme of study, Accounting Education 12, 15–32.
10.1080/0963928032000049375 Google Scholar
- Gravetter, F. J., and L. B. Wallnau, 2005, Essentials of Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences (Thomson Learning, Belmont, CA).
- Guzdial, M., and J. Turns, 2000, Effective discussion through a computer-mediated anchored forum, Journal of the Learning Sciences 9, 437–469.
- Hair, J. F., W. C. Black, and B. J. Babin, 2010, Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective (Pearson Education, Englewood Cliffs, NJ).
- Halabi, A. K., and J.-A. Larkins, 2016, The impact of discussion board usage on overall performance in an introductory accounting subject, Pacific Accounting Review 28, 337–358.
- Hampel, T., and R. Keil-Slawik, 2001, sTeam: structuring information in team-distributed knowledge management in cooperative learning environments, ACM Journal of Educational Resources in Computing 1, 3.
10.1145/384055.384058 Google Scholar
- Hartnett, N., J. Römcke, and C. Yap, 2004, Student performance in tertiary-level accounting: an international student focus, Accounting and Finance 44, 163–185.
10.1111/j.1467-629X.2004.00104.x Google Scholar
- Heng, T. T., 2018, Different is not deficient: contradicting stereotypes of Chinese international students in US higher education, Studies in Higher Education 43, 22–36.
- Holtzblatt, M., and N. Tschakert, 2011, Expanding your accounting classroom with digital video technology, Journal of Accounting Education 29, 100–121.
10.1016/j.jaccedu.2011.10.003 Google Scholar
- Howieson, B., 2003, Accounting practice in the new millennium: is accounting education ready to meet the challenge?, British Accounting Review 35, 69–103.
10.1016/S0890-8389(03)00004-0 Google Scholar
- Hwang, N.-C. R., G. Lui, and M. Y. J. W. Tong, 2005, An empirical test of cooperative learning in a passive learning environment, Issues in Accounting Education 20, 151–165.
10.2308/iace.2005.20.2.151 Google Scholar
- Jackling, B., and M. Keneley, 2009, Influences on the supply of accounting graduates in Australia: a focus on international students, Accounting and Finance 49, 141–159.
- Jackson, M., and B. Cossitt, 2015, Is intelligent online tutoring software useful in refreshing financial accounting knowledge?, in: T. J. Rupert, ed., Advances in Accounting Education: Teaching and Curriculum Innovations (Emerald Group, Bingley, UK), 1–19.
- Kerres, M., and C. D. Witt, 2003, A didactical framework for the design of blended learning arrangements, Journal of Educational Media 28, 101–113.
- Kukulska-Hulme, A., and O. Viberg, 2018, Mobile collaborative language learning: state of the art, British Journal of Educational Technology 49, 207–218.
- Kwan, R., R. Fox, F. Chan, and P. Tsang, 2008, Enhancing Learning Through Technology: Research on Emerging Technologies and Pedagogies (World Scientific, Singapore).
10.1142/6801 Google Scholar
- Lai, K.-W., 2015, Knowledge construction in online learning communities: a case study of a doctoral course, Studies in Higher Education 40, 561–579.
- Lambert, S., K. Pond, and G. Witthaus, 2019, Making a difference with lecture capture? Providing evidence for research-informed policy, International Journal of Management Education 17, 1–11.
- Lehtomäki, E., J. Moate, and H. Posti-Ahokas, 2016, Global connectedness in higher education: student voices on the value of cross-cultural learning dialogue, Studies in Higher Education 41, 2011–2027.
- Liu, G. Z., J. Y. Chen, and G. J. Hwang, 2018, Mobile-based collaborative learning in the fitness center: a case study on the development of English listening comprehension with a context-aware application, British Journal of Educational Technology 49, 305–320.
- Love, N., and N. Fry, 2006, Accounting students' perceptions of a virtual learning environment: springboard or safety net?, Accounting Education 15, 151–166.
10.1080/06939280600609201 Google Scholar
- McGarr, O., 2009, A review of podcasting in higher education: its influence on the traditional lecture, Australasian Journal of Educational Technology 25, 309–321.
- Mertler, C. A., and R. V. Reinhart, 2016, Advanced and Multivariate Statistical Methods: Practical Application and Interpretation (Routledge, London).
- Moore, T., and J. Morton, 2017, The myth of job readiness? Written communication, employability, and the ‘skills gap’ in higher education, Studies in Higher Education 42, 591–609.
- Mori, S. C., 2000, Addressing the mental health concerns of international students, Journal of Counseling and Development 78, 137–144.
- Morris, M., R. Burnett, C. Skousen, and O. Akaaboune, 2015, Accounting education and technology: a study of its long-term effects, The Accounting Educators’ Journal 25, 67–93.
- Naylor, R., S. Chakravarti, and C. Baik, 2018, Expectations and experiences of off-campus PhD students in Australia, Journal of Further and Higher Education 42, 524–538.
- Ngai, C. S. B., W. M. Lee, P. P. K. Ng, and D. D. Wu, 2019, Innovating an integrated approach to collaborative eLearning practices in higher education: the case study of a corporate communication e-platform, Studies in Higher Education 44, 1990–2010.
- Oliver, M., and K. Trigwell, 2005, Can ‘blended learning’ be redeemed?, E-Learning and Digital Media 2, 17–26.
- Papert, S., 1990, Introduction by Seymour Papert, in: I. Harel, ed., Constructionist Learning (MIT Laboratory, Boston, MA), 1–8.
- Perera, L., and P. Richardson, 2010, Students' use of online academic resources within a course web site and its relationship with their course performance: an exploratory study, Journal of Accounting Education 19, 587–600.
10.1080/09639284.2010.529639 Google Scholar
- Planas Lladó, A., L. F. Soley, R. M. Fraguell Sansbelló, G. A. Pujolras, J. P. Planella, N. Roura-Pascual, J. J. Suñol Martínez, and L. M. Moreno, 2014, Student perceptions of peer assessment: an interdisciplinary study, Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education 39, 592–610.
- Productivity Commission, 2015, International Education Services (Commission Research Paper, Canberra).
- QILT, 2016, SES National report (Social Research Centre Pty Ltd and Commonwealth of Australia).
- QILT, 2018, SES National report (Social Research Centre Pty Ltd and Commonwealth of Australia).
- Ragusa, A. T., and A. Crampton, 2017, Online learning: cheap degrees or educational pluralization?, British Journal of Educational Technology 48, 1208–1216.
- Rovai, A. P., 2002, Building sense of community at a distance, The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 3, 1–16.
10.19173/irrodl.v3i1.79 Google Scholar
- Safari, M., and L. D. Parker, 2017, Transitioning business school accounting from binary divide to unified national system: an historical case study, Journal of Management History 23, 337–367.
- Safari, M., P. C. Everaert, and S. Gopal, 2017, Step by step web-based assessment module, Paper presented at the American Accounting Association Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA.
- Sarkar, M., T. Overton, C. Thompson, and G. Rayner. 2016, Graduate employability: views of recent science graduates and employers, International Journal of Innovation in Science and Mathematics Education 24, 31–48.
- Scutter, S., I. Stupans, T. Sawyer, and S. King, 2010, How do students use podcasts to support learning?, Australasian Journal of Educational Technology 26, 180–191.
- Sherry, M., P. Thomas, and W. H. Chui, 2010, International students: a vulnerable student population, Higher Education 60, 33–46.
- So, H.-J., and T. A. Brush, 2008, Student perceptions of collaborative learning, social presence and satisfaction in a blended learning environment: relationships and critical factors, Computers and Education 51, 318–336.
- Solimeno, A., M. E. Mebane, M. Tomai, and D. Francescato, 2008, The influence of students and teachers characteristics on the efficacy of face-to-face and computer supported collaborative learning, Computers and Education 51, 109–128.
- Souto-Otero, M., and J. Enders, 2017, International students’ and employers’ use of rankings: a cross-national analysis, Studies in Higher Education 42, 783–810.
- Sridharan, B., H. Deng, and B. Corbitt, 2010, Critical success factors in e-learning ecosystems: a qualitative study, Journal of Systems and Information Technology 12, 263–288.
10.1108/13287261011095798 Google Scholar
- Stacey, E., and P. Gerbic, 2007, Teaching for blended learning – research perspectives from on-campus and distance students, Education and Information Technologies 12, 165–174.
10.1007/s10639-007-9037-5 Google Scholar
- Stephenson, J. E., C. Brown, and D. K. Griffin, 2008, Electronic delivery of lectures in the university environment: an empirical comparison of three delivery styles, Computers and Education 50, 640–651.
- Strijbos, J.-W., R. L. Martens, F. J. Prins, and W. M. Jochems, 2006, Content analysis: what are they talking about?, Computers and Education 46, 29–48.
- Taradi, S. K., and M. Taradi, 2004, Expanding the traditional physiology class with asynchronous online discussions and collaborative projects, Advances in Physiology Education 28, 73–78.
- Taylor, L., and S. Clark, 2010, Educational design of short, audio-only podcasts: the teacher and student experience, Australasian Journal of Educational Technology 26, 386–399.
- Templeton, G. F., 2011, A two-step approach for transforming continuous variables to normal: implications and recommendations for IS research, Communications of the Association for Information Systems 28, 41–58.
10.17705/1CAIS.02804 Google Scholar
- Tickell, G., and K. X. Smyrnios, 2005, Predictors of tertiary accounting students' academic performance: a comparison of year 12-to-university students with TAFE-to-university students, Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management 27, 239–259.
10.1080/13600800500120142 Google Scholar
- Traphagan, T., J. V. Kucsera, and K. Kishi, 2010, Impact of class lecture webcasting on attendance and learning, Educational Technology Research and Development 58, 19–37.
- Trenkic, D., and M. Warmington, 2019, Language and literacy skills of home and international university students: How different are they, and does it matter?, Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 22, 349–365.
- Universities Australia, 2019, Data snapshot, https://www.universitiesaustralia.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Data-snapshot-2019-FINAL.pdf.
- Vygotsky, L. S., 1978, Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA).
10.1525/eth.1990.18.3.02a00020 Google Scholar
- Wang, Q., and C. Huang, 2018, Pedagogical, social and technical designs of a blended synchronous learning environment, British Journal of Educational Technology 49, 451–462.
- Wang, M., B. Cheng, J. Chen, N. Mercer, and P. A. Kirschner, 2017, The use of web-based collaborative concept mapping to support group learning and interaction in an online environment, The Internet and Higher Education 34, 28–40.
- Wells, P., P. de Lange, and P. Fieger, 2008, Integrating a virtual learning environment into a second-year accounting course: determinants of overall student perception, Accounting and Finance 48, 503–518.
- Wicks, R., 1996, Effects of English language proficiency on the academic performance of international students: a USQ study, Distance Education 17, 196–204.
10.1080/0158791960170113 Google Scholar
- Wieling, M. B., and W. H. A. Hofman, 2010, The impact of online video lecture recordings and automated feedback on student performance, Computers and Education 54, 992–998.
- Wilkins, S., and J. Huisman, 2015, Factors affecting university image formation among prospective higher education students: the case of international branch campuses, Studies in Higher Education 40, 1256–1272.