Original Article
Fabricating “Cool” Heritage for Northern Ireland: Game of Thrones Tourism
Ipek A. Çelik Rappas, Stefano Baschiera,
Stefano Baschiera
Search for more papers by this authorIpek A. Çelik Rappas, Stefano Baschiera,
Stefano Baschiera
Search for more papers by this author
Works Cited
- Addley, Esther. “ Game of Thrones Brings Its Magic to Northern Ireland's Economy.” Guardian, 4 Apr. 2014, https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2014/apr/04/game-of-thrones-northern-ireland-economy-tourism. Accessed 20 Mar. 2019.
- Agarwal, Sheela, and Gareth Shaw. Heritage, Screen and Literary Tourism. Channel View Publications, 2017.
- agendaNI. “Screen Tourism.” agendaNI, https://www.agendani.com/screen-tourism/. Accessed 20 Mar. 2019.
- Baker, Vicki. “ Game of Thrones Exhibition in Belfast Expected to Draw Over 20,000 Fans.” Guardian, 4 June 2013, https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2013/jun/04/game-of-thrones-exhibition-belfast. Accessed 15 Mar. 2019.
- Beeton, Sue. “The Advance of Film Tourism.” Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development, vol. 7, no. 1, 2010, pp. 1–6.
10.1080/14790530903522572 Google Scholar
- Beeton, Sue. Film-Induced Tourism. Channel View Publications, 2005.
10.21832/9781845410162 Google Scholar
- Çelik Rappas, Ipek A. “From Titanic to Game of Thrones: Promoting Belfast as a Global Media Capital.” Media, Culture & Society, vol. 4, no. 4, 2019, pp. 539–56.
- Coleman, Maureen. “ 400 Properties across Northern Ireland to Open to Public for Heritage Event.” Belfast Telegraph, 12 Sept. 2014, https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/400-properties-across-northern-ireland-to-open-to-public-for-heritage-event-30581011.html. Accessed 23 Mar. 2019.
- Colhoun, Clara. “ Game of Thrones Fans Pumped Millions into Economy—As Tourism Celebrates a ‘Record Year.’” BelfastLive, 25 Aug. 2018, https://www.belfastlive.co.uk/news/belfast-news/game-thrones-fans-pumped-millions-15071319. Accessed 11 Dec. 2018.
- Connell, Joanne, and Denny Meyer. “Balamory Revisited: An Evaluation of the Screen Tourism Destination-Tourist Nexus.” Tourism Management, vol. 30, no. 2, 2009, pp. 194–207.
- Cotter, Lucy. “ Game of Thrones Is Fantasy Come True For NI.” Sky News, 8 June 2016, https://news.sky.com/story/game-of-thrones-is-fantasy-come-true-for-ni-10443572. Accessed 4 Feb. 2019.
- D'Addario, Daniel. “ Game of Thrones: How They Make the World's Most Popular Show.” Time, 10–17 July 2017, http://time.com/game-of-thrones-2017/. Accessed 5 Nov. 2018.
- Discover Ireland. “ Making the Doors of Thrones.” YouTube, uploaded by Discover Ireland, 23 Aug. 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2OTLFjuabk0. Accessed 21 Mar. 2019.
- Discover NI. “ Journey of Doors Passport.” Discover Northern Ireland, https://discovernorthernireland.com/globalassets/things-to-do/attractions/game-of-thrones/doors-of-thrones/journey-of-doors-passport-final.pdf. Accessed 18 Sept. 2019.
- “ Find a Whisky for You.” Malts, 2020, https://www.malts.com/en-us/find-a-whisky-for-you/. Accessed 15 May 2020.
- Finn, Ed. “ The North Awaits.” YouTube, uploaded by Ed Finn, 22 Mar. 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GFXFqq7RFSc. Accessed 6 Mar. 2019.
- Fish, Robert. “ Mobile Viewers: Media Producers and the Televisual Tourist.” The Media and the Tourist Imagination: Converging Cultures, edited by David Crouch et al., Routledge, 2004, pp. 119–34.
- Frost, Warick. “Braveheart-ed Ned Kelly: Historic Films, Heritage Tourism and Destination Image.” Tourism Management, vol. 27, no. 2, 2006, pp. 247–54.
- “ Game of Thrones: Doors of Thrones.” Discover Northern Ireland, https://discovernorthernireland.com/things-to-do/attractions/game-of-thrones/journey-of-doors. Accessed 10 Mar. 2019.
- “ Game of Thrones® Exhibition in @TitanicBelfast Is Just the Ticket.” LoveBelfast, 3 June 2013, https://lovebelfast.co.uk/game-of-thrones-exhibition-in-titanicbelfast-is-just-the-ticket/. Accessed 3 Mar. 2019.
- “ Game of Thrones® Rooted in Northern Ireland.” Ireland, https://www.ireland.com/en-gb/what-is-available/ireland-on-screen/game-of-thrones/destinations/northern-ireland/county-antrim/articles/doors. Accessed 23 Mar. 2019.
- “ Game of Thrones: Traffic Banned from Dark Hedges Road.” BBC, 10 Oct. 2017, https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-41561589. Accessed 12 Mar. 2019.
- “ Giant, Medieval-Style Tapestry Celebrates Northern Ireland's Connection to Game of Thrones®.” Tourism Ireland, 17 July 2017, https://www.tourismireland.com/Press-Releases/2017/July/Giant,-medieval-style-tapestry-celebrates-Northern. Accessed 5 Mar. 2019.
- Hao, Xiaofei, and Chris Ryan. “Interpretation, Film Language and Tourist Destinations: A Case Study of Hibiscus Town, China.” Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 42, 2013, 334–58.
- Heitmann, Sine. “Film Tourism Planning and Development—Questioning the Role of Stakeholders and Sustainability.” Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development, vol. 7, no. 1, 2010, pp. 31–46.
10.1080/14790530903522606 Google Scholar
- Hudson, Simon, and Brent Ritchie. “Film Tourism and Destination Marketing: The Case of Captain Corelli's Mandolin.” Journal of Vacation Marketing, vol. 12, no. 3, 2006, pp. 256–68.
10.1177/1356766706064619 Google Scholar
- Hudson, Simon, and J. R. Brent Ritchie. “Promoting Destinations via Film Tourism: An Empirical Identification of Supporting Marketing Initiatives.” Journal of Travel Research, vol. 44, 2006, pp. 387–96.
- “ In Pictures: Game of Thrones Actors Fire Up the Fans at Crumlin Road Gaol Exhibition Launch.” Belfast Telegraph, 9 June 2013, https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/entertainment/film-tv/in-pictures-game-of-thrones-actors-fire-up-the-fans-at-crumlin-road-gaol-exhibition-launch-29331629.html. Accessed 10 Mar. 2019.
- Jokinen, Iida. “ Motives of a Film Tourist-Case: Game of Thrones.” MA Thesis, Saimaa University of Applied Sciences, 2018, https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/149386/Iida_Jokinen.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y. Accessed 10 Mar. 2019.
- Kim, Samuel Seongseop, et al. “Effects of Korean Television Dramas on the Flow of Japanese Tourists.” Tourism Management, vol. 28, no. 5, 2007, pp. 1340–53.
- Kim, Sangkyun. “Audience Involvement and Film Tourism Experiences: Emotional Places, Emotional Experiences.” Tourism Management, vol. 33, no. 2, 2012, pp. 387–96.
- Lawson, Mark. “ Game of Thrones: International Success Story Crafted in Belfast Shipyards.” Guardian, 20 Sept. 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2016/sep/20/game-of-thrones-international-success-story-crafted-in-belfast-shipyards. Accessed 23 Oct. 2018.
- Li, ShiNa, et al. “The Economic Impact of On-Screen Tourism: The Case of The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit.” Tourism Management, vol. 60, 2017, pp. 177–87.
- Lundberg, Christine, et al. “Conceptualising On-Screen Tourism Destination Development.” Tourist Studies, vol. 18, no. 1, 2017, pp. 83–104.
- Lynch, Patrick. “ Winter Has Arrived at Finland's Game of Thrones-Themed Ice Hotel.” Arch Daily, 2 Feb. 2018, https://www.archdaily.com/888325/winter-has-arrived-at-finlands-game-ofthrones-themed-ice-hotel. Accessed 10 Jan. 2019.
- Macionis, Niki, and Beverley Sparks. “Film-Induced Tourism: An Incidental Experience.” Tourism Review International, vol. 13, no. 2, 2009, pp. 93–101.
10.3727/154427209789604598 Google Scholar
- Martin-Jones, David. “Film Tourism as Heritage Tourism: Scotland, Diaspora and The Da Vinci Code.” New Review of Film and Television Studies, vol. 12, no. 2, 2006, pp. 156–77.
10.1080/17400309.2014.880301 Google Scholar
- Muresan, Alexandra, and Karen A. Smith. “Dracula's Castle in Transylvania: Conflicting Heritage Marketing Strategies.” International Journal of Heritage Studies, vol. 4, no. 2, 2007, pp. 73–85.
10.1080/13527259808722223 Google Scholar
- @NITouristBoard. “ We recently returned from Shanghai.” Twitter, 8 Dec. 2018, 8:53 a.m., https://twitter.com/NITouristBoard/status/1075071608103034881. Accessed 10 Mar. 2019.
- “ Northern Ireland: Game of Thrones Tapestry.” Ireland, https://www.ireland.com/features/game-of-thrones-tapestry/. Accessed 14 Mar. 2019.
- O'Connor, Noelle, and Peter Bolan. “Creating a Sustainable Brand for Northern Ireland through Film-Induced Tourism.” Tourism, Culture and Communication, vol. 8, no. 3, 2008, pp. 147–58.
10.3727/109830408786177515 Google Scholar
- Pistalo, Davor. “ Film-Induced Tourism: Dubrovnik Study.” RIT Croatia, Dubrovnik, undergraduate thesis, 2018, https://repository.acmt.hr/islandora/object/acmt%3A38/datastream/PDF/view. Accessed 10 Mar. 2019.
- Roesch, Stefan. The Experiences of Film Location Tourists. Channel View Publications, 2009.
10.21832/9781845411220 Google Scholar
- Rosenbloom, Stephanie. “ Following ‘Game of Thrones’ to Belfast and Beyond.” New York Times, 5 July 2013, https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/07/travel/following-game-of-thrones-to-belfast-and-beyond.html. Accessed 23 Nov. 2018.
- Sadler, William J., and Ekaterina V. Haskins. “Metonymy and the Metropolis: Television Show Settings and the Image of New York City.” Journal of Communication Inquiry, vol. 29, no. 3, 2005, pp. 195–216.
10.1177/0196859905275971 Google Scholar
- Smith, Oliver. “ The Game of Thrones Effect—How the TV Series Changed How We Travel.” Telegraph, 23 Mar. 2019, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/articles/game-of-thrones-effect-tourism/. Accessed 24 Mar. 2019.
- Stone, Rob. “ Cinematic Pilgrimages: Postmodern Heritage Cinema.” Screening European Heritage: Creating and Consuming History on Film, edited by Paul Cooke and Rob Stone, Palgrave Macmillan, 2016, pp. 256–77.
10.1057/978-1-137-52280-1_13 Google Scholar
- Sweeney, Joanne. “ Game of Threads: Meet the Embroiderers Behind the Game of Thrones Tapestry.” Irish News, 21 Aug. 2017, https://www.irishnews.com/lifestyle/2017/08/21/news/the-embroiderers-behind-the-game-of-thrones-tapestry-1110186/. Accessed 11 Dec. 2018.
- Tkalec, Marina, et al. “The Effect of Film Industry on Tourism: Game of Thrones and Dubrovnik.” International Journal of Tourism Research, vol. 19, no. 6, 2017, pp. 705–14.
- Tourism NI. “ Game of Thrones®.” Tourism NI, 2019. https://tourismni.com/Grow-Your-Business/game-of-thrones/?s=940D864F8A308AED1805F57B597B01F693E867DD. Accessed 8 Dec. 2018.
- Tourism NI. “ HBO® to Launch Game of Thrones® Legacy Experiences in NI.” Tourism NI, 24 Sep. 2018, https://tourismni.com/media-centre/News/hbo-licensing–retail-to-launch-game-of-thrones-legacy-experiences-in-northern-ireland. Accessed 13 Jan. 2019.
- Tzanelli, Rodanthi. The Cinematic Tourist: Explorations in Globalization, Culture and Resistance. Routledge, 2007.
10.4324/9780203940105 Google Scholar
- Tzanelli, Rodanthi. “ Game of Thrones to Games of Sites/Sights: Framing Events through Cinematic Transformations in Northern Ireland.” EventMobilities: The Politics of the Everyday and the Extraordinary, edited by Hannam Kevin et al., Routledge, 2016, 52–67.
