Highlights

• This Korean nationwide population-based cohort study analyzed the overall and disease-specific mortality according to serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.
• GGT levels were positively associated with various causes of mortality, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, liver disease, respiratory disease, and infectious disease.
• Notably, the increased risk of all-cause mortality was more prominent in the subgroups of the young, underweight, and those with complications of type 2 diabetes.
• Serum GGT levels may be useful for the risk assessment of all-cause and disease-specific mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes.

Highlights

• Countries moving from low to middle income are most at risk from the type 2 diabetes (T2D) “epidemic” and may find implementing preventative measures challenging; yet prevention has largely been evaluated in developed countries.
• This study explored costs and benefits of various prediabetes management approaches in Poland, Saudi Arabia, and Vietnam, with the aim of facilitating resource use and planning decisions.
• Pharmacological and lifestyle prediabetes interventions offer promise for reducing T2D incidence. In the context of adherence concerns and funding/reimbursement challenges for lifestyle interventions, metformin alone may be an effective, cost-saving strategy.

Highlights

• Previous research has established the detrimental effects of sedentary behavior on obesity and chronic diseases. Efforts to mitigate heightened sedentary behavior through measures such as promoting elevated physical activity or incorporating extended standing and exercise during sedentary intervals have faced challenges in implementation.
• Our study confirmed that habitual leg shaking effectively increased energy expenditure by approximately 16.3%, elevated the metabolic equivalent to a nonhealthy level, enhanced carbohydrate oxidation, improved blood oxygen saturation and minute ventilation, while avoiding additional cardiovascular burden.
• Leg shaking offers a simple and feasible approach to enhance physical activity without disrupting daily routines.

Highlights

• This study is the first to evaluate the effects of multiple daily injection and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy among Chinese pregnant women with type 1 diabetes.
• We found that pregnant women with type 1 diabetes on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy had better glycemic control in the third trimester than those on multiple daily injection therapy.
• Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion users had a significant decline in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level from preconception to the third trimester.
• There was a nonsignificant lower HbA1c level for women treated with long-acting insulin, compared with neutral protamine Hagedorn.

Highlights

• This study provides important data from a single quarternary reference center where cases with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) come from a wide range of geographical distribution over 50 years and may well reflect secular trends in T1DM in Turkey.
• The mean age at diagnosis was 9.5 ± 4.0 years from 1969 to 1990, and it significantly decreased to 7.1 ± 3.6 years over the subsequent 50 years. Similarly, age at diagnosis peaked at 12–14 years between 1969 and 1990, then fell to 10–11.9 years between 1990 and 1999, and to 4–5.9 years between 2000–2009 and 2010–2019.
• Although the percentage of patients diagnosed <6 years of age is gradually increasing, the percentage diagnosed between ages of 6 and 11.9 years is decreasing, and the percentage diagnosed ≥12 years remained stable.
• Approximately half of the patients had ketoacidosis at the time of diagnosis and the frequency of presentation with DKA did not decrease, but the severity decreased slightly.
• Although the frequency of patients with mild DKA increased over time, frequency of patients with moderate DKA decreased; however, no significant difference was observed among patients with severe ketoacidosis.

Highlights

• A nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevalence of 59.36% and a liver cirrhosis prevalence of 1.43% was found among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.
• Significant risk factors for NAFLD were identified, including age, gender, marital status, and obesity, with obesity showing a particularly strong positive association.
• The glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)-NAFLD relationship displayed a linear pattern that mimicked an inverted L-shaped pattern. A significant positive association existed between HbA1c levels and NAFLD for HbA1c <8.00%, but this was not observed for HbA1c >8.00%.

Highlights

• What are the new findings?

This was the first Australian study using real-world data to show SGLT-2is reduce ARF and CKD compared to DPP-4is in people with type 2 diabetes. The rates of hospital admissions for ARF and CKD in people with type 2 diabetes were 22% and 17% lower, respectively, among SGLT-2i initiators compared to DPP-4i initiators.

• How might this have an impact on clinical practice in the foreseeable future?