Highlights

• One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven women with GDM were analyzed.
• There was a relationship between insulin use and reduced resuscitation rates of infants born from mothers with GDM.

Highlights

• This is the first study to demonstrate that glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is an excellent marker for undiagnosed diabetes when diabetes is diagnosed before 24 gestational weeks.
• HbA1c ≥ 5.8% is suggested as cutoff to distinguish between undiagnosed diabetes and gestational diabetes.
• Definitive diagnosis should be done after delivery.

Highlights

• A large retrospective study indicates no association between GDM and most types of cancer; this is in contrast to a few smaller studies that have suggested an association with cancer.
• An increased risk of thyroid cancer in mothers with GDM was demonstrated. While this risk requires further investigation, it may be advisable for physicians to consider regular thyroid examination for patients with a GDM history.

Highlights

• Increasing insulin resistance in the late second trimester predicts adverse pregnancy outcomes especially for preterm delivery in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
• In addition, the prepregnancy body mass index and weight gain before diagnosis of GDM are independent risk factors for the development of insulin resistance in the late second trimester.

Highlights

• Elevated isoleucine, tyrosine, and alanine levels in early pregnancy are independently and significantly associated with subsequent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
• Incorporating isoleucine and tyrosine into the conventional model modestly increased the discrimination ability but significantly improved the reclassification ability of the new model.
• New GDM risk prediction models including amino acids levels in early pregnancy might help clinicians to identify high-risk population of GDM.

Highlights

• In diet-managed gestational diabetes mellitus pregnancies, the novel large-for-gestational-age (LGA) risk factor of fetal abdominal circumference determined at 24- to 28-week fetal ultrasound can identify women at risk as well as the known risk factors of maternal parity, prepregnancy body mass index, and gestational age.
• Smoking reduces LGA risk but has other harms.
• Early identification of risk factors for LGA allows early intervention to mitigate LGA risk, such as restriction of excessive further maternal gestational weight gain and other therapies, which may include insulin, though unproven.

Highlights

• Circulating galectin-3 levels are elevated in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.
• Galectin-3 is associated with higher level of progesterone, insulin resistance, and the presence of gestational diabetes mellitus.
• Association of elevated levels of galectin-3 with increased risk for gestational diabetes mellitus are mainly involved in insulin resistance.

Highlights

• Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) exhibited heterogeneity based on glycemic physiology.
• Higher pre-body mass index (BMI; 24-27.9 and ≥ 28 kg/m²), GDM-dysfunction, and GDM-mixed subtypes were independent risk factors for having large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants.
• There was no interaction between GDM-subtypes and pre-BMI for macrosomia and LGA infants.

Highlights

Prepregnancy BMI status was associated with the abnormal fetal growth, and GDM partially mediated the relationship between prepregnancy BMI and LGA. Thus, a focus on screening and management of prepregnancy obesity and GDM can limit the future epidemic of infant obesity.