Highlights

• This is the first study to suggest that postload glucose spikes (PGS), defined as the difference between 2-hour postload and fasting glucose measured after myocardial infarction (MI), are robust enough to predict post-MI prognosis in patients without known or newly diagnosed diabetes.
• In patients without diabetes, PGS is a stronger determinant of post-MI prognosis than 2-hour postload glucose.

Highlights

• The progression and outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may relate to diabetes; however, whether the diabetic treatment principles can be used for COVID-19 is unclear.
• Here, we screened all commonly used clinical oral hypoglycemic drugs to identify the potential inhibitors of M^pro and found six candidate drugs, including repaglinide, canagliflozin, glipizide, gliquidone, glimepiride, and linagliptin.
• The results indicated that these six antidiabetic drugs may have an extra effect on the treatment of COVID-19, although further preclinical experiment and clinical research are necessary to confirm these findings.

Highlights

• Hyperglycemia has been reported in almost half of the patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019.
• In critically ill patients, hyperglycemia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, irrespective of preexisting diabetes.
• In our study, patients with blood glucose ≥140 mg/dL and admitted to the intensive care unit were found to have the worst outcomes in terms of mortality, mechanical ventilation need, and intensive care unit length of stay.
• Further studies are needed to clarify if outcomes significantly improve with tighter glucose targets.

Highlights

• To our best knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the association of bone turnover markers with the severity of diabetic retinopathy.
• Lower serum levels of procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide and β-cross-linked C-telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX) were associated with higher odds for DR, while β-CTX was associated with its severity.

Highlights

• Distinct trajectories of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were associated with myocardial infarction (MI) risk in a diabetic or prediabetic population.
• The MI risk was higher in the high-decreasing group although the eGFR levels were similar to the moderate-stable group during the last exposure period.
• The moderate-increasing group still had a significantly increased MI risk when reaching the normal range.

Highlights

• The survival rate and the limb salvage rate of patients in this study were 76.8% and 97.6%.
• This study suggested that fibrinogen may be used as an index to predict restenosis after interventional intervention.
• The results indicated that the detection of sdLDL may provide a new research direction for preventing restenosis after intervention.

Highlights

• MODY is mostly overlooked due to uncertain clinical presentations and is often misdiagnosed as T1DM.
• This paper presents possible clinical and laboratory clues to consider a diagnosis of MODY in children presenting with hyperglycaemia.
• In addition, this paper reviews the association of these probable markers with MODY-causing genes.

Highlights

• Inhaled insulin added to basal insulin achieved comparable efficacy to insulin lispro in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
• Inhaled insulin has a more rapid postprandial glycemic response than the insulin analogue insulin lispro.

Highlights

• We examined whether there are any differences in the developmental mechanisms of muscle wasting in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and those without DM.
• Enhanced cortisol concentration has a negative impact on muscle mass in CHF patients without DM in addition to malnutrition and reduction in fasting plasma insulin.
• Renin-angiotensin system activation may be responsible for the development of muscle wasting in CHF patients with DM.

Highlights

• Lifestyle interventions have shown reduction of liver fat with dietary modification and exercise interventions; however, the effect of exercise alone on liver fat has not been systematically reviewed.
• By meta-analysis, we found that exercise without dietary modification can reduce liver fat. Changes in liver fat were significantly associated with changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and body weight.
• Reduction of body weight and increased cardiorespiratory fitness may be useful proxies for quantifying change in liver fat.

Highlights

• Approximately 7.8% of patients with diabetes adhered to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) annual guidelines for components of health care services with adherence rates of individual recommendations generally being below 50%.
• Socioeconomic disadvantage and minority status were associated with nonadherence to the ADA-recommended guidelines.
• Additionally, this study provides evidence that adherence to the ADA-recommended processes of diabetes care was associated with significant reduction in inpatient hospitalization and a trend toward less emergency department visits.

Highlights

• Both blood and renal infiltrated eosinophils were prevalent in DN and were associated with the severity of DN.
• IEA in renal pathology showed better fit in correlation with renal prognosis.
• Patients with IEA treated with steroids did not show renal benefit.

Highlights

• Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection had more severe inflammation, coagulation activation, myocardia injury, hepatic injury, and kidney injury. T2DM aggravated the clinical status of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and increased their critical illness rate and mortality.
• Glucocorticoid treatment and poor fasting blood glucose (≥11.1 mmol/L) control were found to be risk factors of fatality in T2DM patients with severe COVID-19.

Highlights

• Alternative kidney filtration markers may be particularly useful in adults with diabetes in which creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is biased.
• Lower levels of eGFR based on all filtration markers individually and combined as well as decline in eGFR_Cys, eGFR_Cr-Cys, eGFR_Cr-Cys-B2M were consistently associated with a higher risk of major macrovascular and microvascular events, together, and separately, and all-cause mortality.
• The addition of baseline levels or change in B2M-based eGFR improved the prediction of combined major macrovascular and microvascular events beyond creatinine.

Highlights

• Low 50-g glucose challenge test (50-g GCT) values may be an early indicator for SGA neonates, and physicians should be cautious especially with regard to values less than 89.5 mg/dL.

Highlights

• In this very large cohort of 530 pregnancies in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus, we found that high prepregnancy glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a predictor for suboptimal glycemic control during pregnancy and that HbA1c only decreases until midpregnancy and then plateaus.
• In addition, a very high prepregnancy HbA1c is associated with shorter gestational length and lower birthweight z score, which is contrary to the common assumption of poor glycemic control leading to higher birthweight.

Highlights

• Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with impaired memory but not with verbal fluency.
• The association between diabetes and impaired memory becomes not significant by combining undiagnosed and nondiabetics in the same category.
• Including undiagnosed diabetics and diabetics in the same category attenuates the association between diabetes and impaired memory.

Highlights

• Provide key information on the 6-month dose of basal insulin (BI) needed for effective glycemic control in Chinese type 2 diabetes melliuts (T2DM) patients.
• High body mass index, high fasting plasma glucose, young age, longer duration of diabetes are some of the crucial determinants of the 6-month dose of BI in a real-world setting.

Highlights

• There are variations in diabetes-related hospitalizations that stem from emergency department visits.
• Rural residents, racial and ethnic minorities, the uninsured, and residents of the South and Midwest census regions of the United States are more likely to seek emergency care and be admitted for treatment of a primary diabetes diagnosis.
• Future research should continue to explore the effective interventions and services that can be offered to address the current health inequities facing at-risk populations.