Highlights

1. Three novel heterozygous missense mutations were identified in a patient with the triad of diabetic ketoacidosis, hypertriglyceridemia, and acute pancreatitis.
2. Plasmapheresis is effective and safe in reducing triglycerides levels.

Highlights

• Higher ECW/TBW ratio is independently associated with poorer cognitive function.
• Higher pulse pressure partially mediates the association.
• The association is observed in domains of delayed memory, language, and attention.

Highlights

• Smoking cessation, treating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to target levels, preventing diabetes, and highly individualized glucose control are crucial for minimizing the risk of subsequent in-hospital death and complications after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
• Among patients with diabetes, strict glucose control significantly increased the risk of in-hospital mortality compared with moderate glucose control, whereas among nondiabetic patients with stress hyperglycemia, it reduced the risk of major complications. Thus, optimal glycemic control targets after CABG may differ among patients with and without previous diabetes.

Highlights

• A machine learning model can significantly predict imminent development of islet autoimmunity based on environmental, genetic, and metabolic features.
• The machine learning algorithm feature selection identified type 1 diabetes-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms from The Environmental Determinants of the Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) analysis are correlated to related data from the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY) study.
• Most of the metabolic features predicting the development of islet autoantibodies belonged to three pathways; lipid oxidation, phospholipase A2 signaling, and pentose phosphate.

Highlights

• Sleep management plays a role as a potential target to prevent dementia, and sleep problems are common in patients with type 2 diabetes.
• Type 2 diabetes patients with sleep disorders were found to have more incidence of all cause dementia, Alzheimer disease, and other dementia.
• In patients with type 2 diabetes, men and older adults with sleep disorders were associated with an increased risk of dementia compared to their counterparts without sleep disorders.

Highlights

• The present study found that abdominal obesity, defined by waist circumference, was associated with an increased risk of incident diabetic neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, for both men and women.
• These findings extend the knowledge on the sex-specific association between abdominal obesity and diabetic neuropathy among diabetic patients, which highlights the need for further studies to elucidate the mechanism underlying sex differences in the association between waist circumference and the risk of diabetic neuropathy.

Highlights

• This study was conducted on biomarker-verified never smokers.
• Secondhand smoke exposure was only in females significantly associated with diabetes.
• This study provides additional evidence for banning smoking at home and the workplace.

Highlights

• Circulating galectin-3 levels are elevated in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.
• Galectin-3 is associated with higher level of progesterone, insulin resistance, and the presence of gestational diabetes mellitus.
• Association of elevated levels of galectin-3 with increased risk for gestational diabetes mellitus are mainly involved in insulin resistance.

Highlights

• This is the first multicenter, large-sample and cross-sectional study of the relationship between RC and urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) in the Chinese community adults.
• RC is highly correlated with UACR, and at high RC level, the patients with critical values of blood pressure, BMI, and blood glucose has a more significant correlation between RC and UACR.

Highlights

• The burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) attributable to high fasting plasma glucose (HFPG) has increased significantly since 1990.
• Men and the elderly have a heavier burden of NCDs caused by HFPG.
• A higher burden of HFPG was found to be associated with a lower sociodemographic index.

Highlights

• High luteinizing hormone (LH) levels are positively associated with established type 2 diabetic kidney disease (DKD) among Chinese men and postmenopausal women.
• The positive associations between LH and macroalbuminuria risk were independent of age, diabetes duration, or other metabolic factors.
• The increase of circulating LH may be a promising clinical factor for identifying established DKD.

Highlights

• A glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) value ≥6.0% could be used to detect diabetes in Chinese adults aged ≥40 years.
• Although an HbA1c value of 5.6% to 5.9% was indicated to detect prediabetes in the current study using both cross-sectional and follow-up data, the overall discrimination of HbA1c for prediabetes was poor.

Highlights

• This is the first prospective nested case-control study in rural Chinese people to estimate the association of the methylation level of the thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) gene and its interaction with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk.
• We found a significant negative association between the methylation level of TXNIP gene and T2DM incidence.
• Interaction among TXNIP gene hypomethylation, obesity, and hypertriglyceridemia increased the risk of T2DM.

Highlights

• Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2) were significantly associated with bone mineral density in male with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
• FSH was strongly associated with fracture risk measured by the modified Fracture Risk Algorithm (FRAX) tool in males with T2DM.
• T2DM males with both higher FSH and lower E2 had the highest risk of incident osteoporosis/osteopenia.

Highlights

• Increasing insulin resistance in the late second trimester predicts adverse pregnancy outcomes especially for preterm delivery in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
• In addition, the prepregnancy body mass index and weight gain before diagnosis of GDM are independent risk factors for the development of insulin resistance in the late second trimester.

Highlights

• In patients with hypertension and diabetes, early detection and intervention of insulin resistance and related risk factors in patients with normal BMI may reduce the occurrence of urinary microalbumin and delay the progression of CKD.

Highlights

• In diet-managed gestational diabetes mellitus pregnancies, the novel large-for-gestational-age (LGA) risk factor of fetal abdominal circumference determined at 24- to 28-week fetal ultrasound can identify women at risk as well as the known risk factors of maternal parity, prepregnancy body mass index, and gestational age.
• Smoking reduces LGA risk but has other harms.
• Early identification of risk factors for LGA allows early intervention to mitigate LGA risk, such as restriction of excessive further maternal gestational weight gain and other therapies, which may include insulin, though unproven.

Highlights

• Blood levels of endotoxin, uric acid (UA), or lactate (LAC) were associated with systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
• The interaction between levels of endotoxin and UA or levels of endotoxin and LAC was related to an increased systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and T2DM.