Highlights

• We examined whether there are any differences in the developmental mechanisms of muscle wasting in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and those without DM.
• Enhanced cortisol concentration has a negative impact on muscle mass in CHF patients without DM in addition to malnutrition and reduction in fasting plasma insulin.
• Renin-angiotensin system activation may be responsible for the development of muscle wasting in CHF patients with DM.

Highlights

• The KCNJ11 gene encodes the Kir6.2 subunit of the adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (K_ATP) channel, which plays a key role in insulin secretion. Monogenic diseases caused by KCNJ11 gene mutation are rare and easily misdiagnosed.
• Mutations in the KCNJ11 gene are associated with neonatal diabetes mellitus, maturity-onset diabetes of the young 13, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia.
• We report four patients with KCNJ11 gene mutations and provide a review of the literature.

Highlights

• The present study found that abdominal obesity, defined by waist circumference, was associated with an increased risk of incident diabetic neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, for both men and women.
• These findings extend the knowledge on the sex-specific association between abdominal obesity and diabetic neuropathy among diabetic patients, which highlights the need for further studies to elucidate the mechanism underlying sex differences in the association between waist circumference and the risk of diabetic neuropathy.

Highlights

• This study was conducted on biomarker-verified never smokers.
• Secondhand smoke exposure was only in females significantly associated with diabetes.
• This study provides additional evidence for banning smoking at home and the workplace.

Highlights

• Circulating galectin-3 levels are elevated in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.
• Galectin-3 is associated with higher level of progesterone, insulin resistance, and the presence of gestational diabetes mellitus.
• Association of elevated levels of galectin-3 with increased risk for gestational diabetes mellitus are mainly involved in insulin resistance.

Highlights

• Lifestyle interventions have shown reduction of liver fat with dietary modification and exercise interventions; however, the effect of exercise alone on liver fat has not been systematically reviewed.
• By meta-analysis, we found that exercise without dietary modification can reduce liver fat. Changes in liver fat were significantly associated with changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and body weight.
• Reduction of body weight and increased cardiorespiratory fitness may be useful proxies for quantifying change in liver fat.

Highlights

• Approximately 7.8% of patients with diabetes adhered to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) annual guidelines for components of health care services with adherence rates of individual recommendations generally being below 50%.
• Socioeconomic disadvantage and minority status were associated with nonadherence to the ADA-recommended guidelines.
• Additionally, this study provides evidence that adherence to the ADA-recommended processes of diabetes care was associated with significant reduction in inpatient hospitalization and a trend toward less emergency department visits.

Highlights

• Fasting blood glucose < 10 mmol/L was proposed as a target of glycemic control during the first week of hospitalization in patients with preexisting diabetes.
• Poor HbA1c levels prior to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) might not be associated with severity among patients with preexisting diabetes.
• Mean blood glucose seemed not to be associated with poor prognosis of COVID-19.